which of the following statements is true about correctional officers?

[16] In addition, when compared with men, incarcerated women have higher rates of unemployment (45.8% versus 26.7%), homelessness (17.4% versus 12.1%), and psychiatric comorbidities (43.6% versus 21.6%). December 2018. [25], In the United States, upon entry into jail or prison, it is estimated that approximately 22% of HIV-seropositive individualsare unaware they have HIV. [6] In 2018, among the 1,414,162 persons in prisons, 33% (464,200) were Black and 23% (330,200) were Hispanic. This graphic represents systematic review and data synthesis compiled up to January 13, 2015. According to the text, which of the following statements about corrections officers' unions is true? [47] Financial barriers also prevent timely initiation or continuation of antiretroviral therapy in correctional settings. The first juvenile court established in 1899 in? John Irvin said in 1986 that the purpose of jails was rabble management. The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain and that the proper amount of punishment can deter crime is called? Your text shows Tom Hanks in ___________ as an example of these movies. They have considerable discretion in discharging their duties within the constraints of rules, regulations, and policies., They represent a minor percentage of staff members in prisons., They have clear and specific guidelines on how to exercise their discretion., or They exist in isolation from the prison bureaucracy. In a study of CDC-funded HIV tests conducted in adult correctional facilities the percentage of persons newly diagnosed with HIV who were linked to HIV medical care within 90 days improved from 37.8% in 2009 to 67.5% in 2013 (Figure 14).[38]. [4] The demographics of community corrections closely mirrors that of jail and prison settings, with disproportionate representation of poor, disadvantaged, and racial and ethnic minorities. Which of the following statements regarding prison subcultures is true? The process of making the offender a productive member of the community again is called? , which are essentially the same thing, both having a notion that the consequence of the act is the most important . ___________ officers are experienced correctional officers who know and can perform almost any custody role in the institution. A. [6] From 2007 through 2018, Black individualsconsistently had higher prison incarceration rates were consistently higher among persons who are Black than those who are White(Figure 7). Although injection drug use may directly result in transmission of HIV, it is also associated with sexual activity that can increase the risk ofHIV acquisition. This is called__________. The typical offender has been convicted of? The first written laws of Rome were called? The Panopticon was designed to allow prison staff to observe inside each______. How can one compensate for the effects of price instability when constructing cost estimates using high-low or regression techniques? [26] Fewer than 30% of persons with HIV in the United States who enter the correctional system do so with an undetectable HIV RNA level. They are judged frivolous and are lost in the trial stage. [52]In the past, some correctional administrators and officials thought placing all inmates known to have HIV together in special unitsand in some cases identifying them by an armband or special clothingwould reduce HIV transmission to both staff and other inmates. Since individuals often engage in activities that may increase risk for HIV acquisition following release from the correctional setting, secondary prevention is a critical component of transitional care planning. Which of the following statements is true about correctional officers? A death sentence that the legislature has required to be imposed upon people convicted of certain offenses is called a? Instant death was usually reserved for members of the poorer classses and not the nobility. A message will be sent to your email address with instructions. Instances of prison sex can be divided into three basic categories. __ A case that involves one person who has a dispute with another person or entity. These data are for persons 18 years of age and older. In the past, sellers had more power than buyers, but now buyers have more power than sellers. B. Women started working in corrections in the 1970's and now are becoming more accepted. In 1840, British Navy Captain ____________ was appointed superintendent of Norfolk Island. Which of the following states paid its correctional officers the highest median annual wage in 2014? A. The principle of least eligibility holds that? A person who is conditionally released from prison to community supervision is referred to as a ____________. Officers who conduct pre-sentence investigations utilize discretion in deciding what to include in a report and, most importantly, what sentence to recommend. When the court has two separate hearings for different issues in a trial, one for guilt and the other for punishment, it is called a? The next day, while discussing the incident, one of the arresting officers mentioned that the prisoner had said something about "have to kill myself" while being A search of a prisoner's cell is called a? ET for the sentencing for Alex Murdaugh. Antiretroviral medications are expensive and insurance no longer covers these medications after conviction; annual budgets in small- to moderate-sized jails are often too small to support payment for antiretroviral medications for even a limited number of persons with HIV. Provide the inmate with a copy of the relevant medical record or clinical summary free of charge. 2.2 Utilitarian Ethics. The earliest date on which an inmate might be paroled is called his _____________. A contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilties, and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to the private sector is called? For more information, please visit, Current Version: nhivc-master-1b053ef6-2023-03-04-171837, Antiretroviral Medications and Initial Therapy, Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Medications, Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Medications, Switching or Simplifying Antiretroviral Therapy, Evaluation and Management of Virologic Failure, Preventing HIV Transmission in Persons with HIV, HIV in Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations, HIV in Sexual and Gender Minority Populations, Persons Incarcerated in Prisons or Jails at Single Point in Time, Persons Incarcerated in Prisons or Jails Over Time, Global Prison Population Totals, by Country, 2018, Estimated Number of Incarcerated Adults in United States, 1980 through 2016, Estimated Number of Incarcerated Adults in United States, by Correctional Status, 1980 through 2016, Persons Under the Jurisdiction of State or Federal Correctional Authorities, United States, 2007 through 2018, Persons in Prison, by State or Federal Corrections, United States, 2007 through 2018, Persons in Prison, by Sex, United States, 2007 through 2018, Persons Under the Jurisdiction of State or Federal Correctional Authorities, by Race, United States, 2007 through 2018, Persons with HIV (and HIV Rate) per 100,000 in State and Federal Prisons Combined, 19912015, Persons in Prison with HIV in State Versus Federal Prisons, 19912015, Estimated Number and Percentage of Persons with HIV in State and Federal Prisons, by Sex, United States, 2010 through 2015, HIV Testing Practices During the Prison Intake Process, 2011 and 2015, CDC-Funded HIV Testing in Correctional Facilities and Percentage HIV Positive, United States, 2009-2013, Number of Persons in Correctional Facilities Newly Diagnosed with HIV and Percentage Linked to Medical Care, United States, 2009-2013, The HIV Care Cascade Before, During, and After Incarceration, Number of AIDS-Related Deaths Among Persons in State Prisons, 19912015, Estimated Number of Persons Supervised by United States Adult Correctional Systems, by Correctional Status, 2016, Enter the e-mail address of the recipient, Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine, Injectable Formulation, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Stanford University: HIV Drug Resistance Database, HHS: Adult and Adolescent OI Prevention and Treatment Guidelines, HHS: Pediatric OI Prevention and Treatment Guidelines, CDC & HHS: Nonoccupational PEP Guidelines, CDC: Laboratory Testing for the Diagnosis of HIV, UCSF: Guidelines for Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People, Overview of United States Correctional System, Epidemiology and Prevention of HIV in Correctional Setting, Gender Differences in HIV Prevalence in Prisons, Racial Disparities in HIV Prevalence in Prisons, Prevention of Intra-Prison Transmission of HIV, HCV, and HBV, HIV Testing Practices in Correctional Facilities, Studies of HIV Testing in Correctional Facilities, Linkage to HIV Medical Care and Referral to Partner Services, Antiretroviral Therapy in the Correctional Setting, Initiation and Continuation of Antiretroviral Therapy, Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Success in Correctional Settings, Access to Antiretroviral Therapy in Correctional Settings, HIV Care Cascade and Outcomes in the Correctional Setting, Maintaining Confidentiality in the Correctional Setting, Privacy and Confidentiality in Correctional Settings, Chronic Medical Conditions Among Inmates Living with HIV, Use of Telemedicine for HIV Care in Correctional Settings, Transition from the Correctional Setting to the Community, Community Oriented Correctional Health Services, University of Washington School of Nursing, Compare rates of HIV among the incarcerated population and the general population in the United States, Describe issues related to HIV medication administration and adherence within correctional facilities, Summarize recommendations for linking persons with HIV to clinical care after release from a correctional facility. [70,71] Several studies have shown that women have an increased risk of acquiring HIV when they have sex with a male partner with HIV who is released from prison; this appears to be particularly problematic for black women in the South. One study on recidivism demonstrated that the inmates who adjusted most successfully to prison life ________ to life in the free community upon release. The period of Western social thought that began in the 17th century and lasted until the dawn of the 19th century is known as? This system called for solitary confinement at labor, with instruction in labor, morals and religion. According to Schmalleger, the ___________ adapts to prison by exploiting the minimal pleasures it offers. BJS collects data on the administration and operation of both types of facilities. If the defendant accepts a penalty without admitting guilt it is called? An act that is a law violation only for juveniles but not for adults is referred to as a? [26]Althoughthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended in 2006 that correctional facilities perform routine opt-out HIV testing, the HIV testing practices and policies in correctional setting continue to vary from state to state. The "evidence" that evidence based corrections is based on is highly controversial. Prosecutors have indicated they will seek life in prison . Correctional officers dispense both formal and informal sanctions to induce cooperation among inmates. The United States Supreme Court awarded Gerald Gault all of the following rights except? Adult offenders have trials; juvenile offenders have? QUESTION 68 The process of civilian gang members with no prior criminal history being recruited to apply to become correctional officers is called: a. testing b.active recruiting O c downing a duck O d. empathy QUESTION 62 Why do some scholars say that the criminal justice system is designed to fail? A crime punishable by confinement in a local jail for a year or less is called? A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction is called a? The halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditional upon some form of counter-performance by the defendant is called? Bureau of Justice Statistics: Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. January 2009:1-28. Research has shown that face-to-face contact before release results in increased likelihood of continuity in the community. An executive act that removes both punishment and guilt is called a __________. [44,45] In Connecticut, psychiatric disorders were common in the HIV-seropositive prisoner cohort and 45.6% were taking either antidepressants or antipsychotic medications. The term flogging means a type of hanging conducted in London. Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. Some crimes are classified as felonies in one part of the country and as misdemeanors in another part of the country. [14,15], In the United States, the absolute number of men with HIV in state or federal prisons is consistently greater than the number of women by a ratio of more than 10 to 1, which is not surprising given the prison population is predominantly male. The_______has the highest per capita incarcerationrate in the world. Supervise the Activities of Inmates: Correctional officers supervise the daily activities of inmates, ensuring that inmates obey the rules. Approximately_________of women were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of their arrest. Which of the following is NOT one of those categories? Stress to inmates the importance of attending their first scheduled appointment in the community, and the appointment should be as early as possible after release. Jails confine persons before or after . Complete applications for medical services in conjunction with the inmate. "The taking on of the ways, mores, customs and general culture of the penitentiary" is known as? Living in prison is fundamentally different from living in the free community in several ways. At the end of 2012, about ________ percent of the people who were employed in the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) were security staff. ______________ of isolation and silence became popular in Europe. Automatically remove your image background. Which of the following statements is true? True or False? This problem has been solved! Assist the inmate with scheduling an appointment with the community care provider. The usual strategy is to intentionally foul the other team's worst free-throw shooter. At year-end 2014, 1 in _____ adults in the United States was under community supervision. Until the middle of the twentieth century, courts followed a(n) ________ philosophy toward prison matters. The set of norms and values among prison inmates is called? Correctional officers have power by virtue of their positions within the organization. Since you've received 80% or better on this quiz, you may claim continuing education credit. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the inmate society in many women's prisons? The recidivism rate in the United States is ______. According to the text, for punishment to be effective as a deterrent it must be________,_________, and_______. To this end, we subscribe to the following principles. Which of the following is sacrificed so that prisons and jails can continue to operate in an efficient manner given the budget cutbacks? For his crimes, Fay received a sentence of? As noted earlier, other non-HIV-related chronic medical conditions may also complicate care. [29,30] Jails, prisons, and community corrections are important settings in which to test individuals for HIV, especially given that many persons involved with the criminal justice system may be hard to reach with routine community-based testing and incarcerated populations have a higher HIV prevalence than the general population. The nation's best-known prison hospice program is the one at? They have formal authority to command. After release drop offs occur at every step of the HIV care cascade; linkage to HIV care and programs for reentry into HIV care are very important. The use of an opt-out HIV testing approach increases the number of persons tested for HIV when compared with use of opt-in HIV testing approach. According to the philosopher, the duration of a 'second' is precise. Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware The prison population is higher today in the United States than at any time in our history. Utilitarian ethics is a normative ethical system that is primarily concerned with the consequences of ethical decisions; therefore it can be described as a. teleological theory or consequentialist theory. [7], The higher prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) within correctional facilities can partially be explained by the high percentage of inmates with a history of injection drug use. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. [11,43] In addition, directly observed antiretroviral therapy in the corrections setting does not empower inmates to develop the discipline and habits for eventually taking antiretroviral medications on their ownskills they will need in the community. The beliefs, values and behaviors of staff that differ greatly from those of the inmates are called____________. High rates of HIV risk activity coupled with low rates of HIV testing make the community corrections population an important priority for HIV screening and prevention services. In the United States, the average ratio of correctional officers to inmates across all states in 2012 was ________. Provide the inmate with date, time, and location of first post-release appointment in writing. Imminent threats. The case of Gates v. Rowland dealt with the issue of? Explanation: As in years past, prison staffers are still most concerned with custody and control. D. Some officers adopt a human-services orientation toward their work. Late in a basketball game, a team often intentionally fouls an opposing player in order to stop the game clock. [11] For many inmates, the greater ability to achieve viral suppression in prison is likely influenced by access to HIV care and mental health services, a structured daily routine, and decreased use of alcohol and illicit drugs. The term ________ is defined as the reduction of the original sentence given by executive authority, usually a state's governor. In addition, this process is stigmatizing to the inmates with HIV and the cohorting process likely identifies them as a person with HIV. According to your authors, the Three-State Recidivism Study concluded? The sources of prisoners' rights are all except which of the following? In addition to charging inmates housing and medical co-pay fees as a way to offset jail operations, some jurisdictions have added pay-to-stay jails. [9] The transmission of HBV within prisons could be reduced by immunizing all HBV-non-immune inmates with hepatitis B vaccine. A crime punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for a year or more is called a? Court litigation is a very slow, expensive, and piecemeal way to reform prisons. Which of the following statements best describes the term parole? [. True or False? Alternatively, send information to the community provider after obtaining written consent for release ofinformation from the inmate. Try it now. Community clinics and correctional systems need to work together to find ways to adequately meet the needs of this population upon re-entry into the community. The religious order that pushed for prison reform of the Walnut Street Jail was the? A person's race is a simple biological fact, and not a social construct. The_______leads the United States in executions. The tension between prison staff members and inmates that arises out of the correctional setting is called____________. Women make up ______ percent of the parole population. [2], In 2018, the United States had the highest prison population rate (prisoners per 100,000 population) in the world and the total prison population in the United States was higher than any other country(Figure 3). emdjay23. In which of the following years did the first female correctional officer begin work at a high-security institution? What Latin term is defined as a court order requiring that a confined person be brought to court so that his or her claims can be heard? Michel Foucalt, the French historian and philosopher, says that the purpose of the physical punishment was? Some correctional systems have arranged partnerships to allow processing of Social Security Administration (SSA) and Medicare applications before release, as recommended by the SSA and the Centers for Medicare and Medical Services. Life is typified by insecurity, stress, and unpredictability in prison., There are rarely opportunities for educational achievement in prison., There is little privacy in prison., or Deprivation of personal freedom and material goods is pronounced in prison. Initially the value of exponential function increases slowly but increases faster later on. [11,26] For some inmates with HIV, the correctional setting may be their first engagement in HIV care, and during incarceration substantial gains may be made along all steps in the HIV care cascade, including increasing the percentages of persons taking antiretroviral therapy and achieving virologic suppression. [47] Jails and temporary detention settings pose the most challenges in terms of accessing antiretroviral therapy. The scale developed from a risk-screening instrument used to predict parole outcome is the _________________. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Annual Probation Survey, Annual Parole Survey, Annual Survey of Jails, Census of Jail Inmates, and National Prisoner Statistics Program, 1980-2016. HIV-positive inmates working in the kitchen. Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibilty is called _____________. The fundamental difference between jail and prison is the nature of their. A ________ usually interacts little with other officers and does the minimum necessary to get through the workday. A pass must be signed by an officer to be valid. The HIV care cascade model has been applied to the correctional system in order to identify disparities and improve performance at every stage along the HIV care continuum, from HIV diagnosis to linkage and retention in care to antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression (Figure 15). Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. Mandatory release is similar to ________ in that persons let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision. After release from prison or jail into the general community, persons with HIV may engage in sex activities that may increase their risk of transmitting HIV to others, particularly with their pre-incarceration sex partners. Quantifying units of time is an easy operation through psychological . [74] Moreover, some investigators have also demonstrated that incarceration disrupts primary intimate relationships, suggesting that use of prison-based programs to help prisoners and their partners maintain their relationship during incarceration may reduce the number of sexual contacts after release.[75]. From 1775 through 1856, English offenders were sent to _________ as punishment for crimes. The ________ is a theory that states that the inmate society arises as a response to the prison environment and the painful conditions of confinement. [11] As a result of improvements in antiretroviral therapies over time, the number of AIDS-related deaths in corrections has plummeted since the mid-1990s, similar to the trend in the general population; in recent years, fewer than 75 AIDS-related deaths per year have occurred in prisons (Figure 16). Evidence based corrections have shown very strong evidence that drug courts_______the future criminal activities of offenders. This system called for silence but allowed the inmated to work together in groups. Within a correctional facility, the health and safety considerations for an inmate may take priority over the right to confidentiality, but some have interpreted this to mean that all officers should know the HIV status of individuals who are incarcerated. The court held that a potential juror's mere reservation about the death penalty was insufficient grounds to prevent that person from serving on the jury in a death penalty case in? Values such as supportiveness, teamwork, perseverance, empathy, and caring enable officers to cope with post-traumatic stress; they are part of team of colleagues who care for their coworkers. Time taken off an inmate's sentence for participating in certain activities such as going to school, learning a trade and working inprison is called _____________. [10] Unfortunately, few correctional facilities currently offer medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction, and many inmates continue to use illicit drugs while incarcerated if they are able to access the drugs. Easy Quiz 2. Robert-Francois Damiens was sentenced to be quartered publicly in Paris for attempting to kill? Which of the following statements is true about the Pennsylvania system of confinement? If you're the victim of cyberbullying behavior, besides contacting your teacher or the school, Learning Resource Center can you go to find information. Medical evaluation including staging of HIV and diagnosis of comorbidities and opportunistic infections. Psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors, nurses, teachers and others who contract with the institution to provide services are called___________. Source: Iroh PA, Mayo H, Nijhawan AE. The estimated national cost per year to confine an inmate over 55 years old is? Prisoners in 2018. Over 5 percent of women are pregnant at the time of incarceration. Many prison movies have been made in recent years. As a rule, statements including these words have less of a chance of being correct. Inmates should mind their own affairs and do their own time., Inmates should not inform the prison staff about the illicit activities of other prisoners., Inmates should be indifferent to the prison staff and loyal to other convicts., or Inmates should follow the prison rules and not cause trouble. These data are from correctional facilities in 59 CDC-funded Health Department jurisdictions. The most common sexually transmitted disease, one which affects the eyes and lungs, is? The case of__________supported the use of the death penalty if the State used guided discretionary capital statutes. The imprisonment rate for the United States is approximately_______per 100,000 citizens. A slower tempo can be experienced by a person who mentally stretches the duration of time. Correctional Institutions. A particularly mean device for whipping, called the Russian Knout, had fishhooks in it. The case of_________ruled that "guilty beyond a reasonable doubt" should be the standard in all delinquency adjudications. [11,12,13] Available data suggest that for persons with HIV and a history of opioid dependence, receipt of opiate agonist therapy within an HIV clinic upon release from prison improves HIV treatment outcomes in the community. [76] Inadequate data exist regarding HIV prevalence in community corrections and HIV testing rates are low in this setting. b) They represent a minor percentage of staff members in a prison. Overcrowding, one of the most pressing problems, has created the dilemma of? August 24, 2017. officer's supervisor. The author of On Crimes and Punishments was? Explain A device consisting of nine knotted cords fastened to a wooden handle used for whipping a convicted subject was a Cat-o'-nine tails. You seem to have a popup blocker enabled. Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called ____________. [9,22,23] A large meta-analysis estimated the incidence of transmission of viral infections within prisons and found rates of 0.08 per 100 person-years with HIV. [1], At any point in time, about twice as many persons are incarcerated in prisons in the United States than in jails (Figure 1), but over the course of a year the number of individuals incarcerated in the jail system far exceeds those incarcerated in prisons (Figure 2); this difference over a year results from the low turnover rates in prisons (longer stays and infrequent releases) versus high turnover rates in jails (shorter stays and frequent releases). Until the middle of the twentieth century, courts followed a(n) ________ philosophy toward prison matters. The equal-protection clause under the ________ Amendment has led the Supreme Court to forbid racial discrimination and has led state courts to target gender discrimination. Which of the following is NOT a value or norm of the convict code? Inmates under the care and custody of a local, state, or federal correctional authority are generally housed in one of two types of facilities - a local jail or a state or federal prison.

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