physiotherapy for mucoid degeneration of acl

. If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password. The excised ACL tissue was sent for histopathological confirmation of mucoid degeneration. [4]showed high percentages of laxity post debulking of MD-ACL, a finding which would not allow a surgeon to carry out a UKA after the debulking. It can trap and damage the menisci in the knee and can also lead to early osteoarthritis. However, a predetermined list of criteria has been compiled over the years based on findings in published reports within which a patient needs to fall so as to be eligible to undergo a UKA. The first resembles ganglia in other periarticular locations, presenting as a discrete fluid signal cystic structure within the substance or on the surface of the ACL(5a).3 The second form has been likened to a celery stalk in appearance.4 The ACL demonstrates diffuse thickening containing ill-defined intraligamentous T2-hyperintensity, which splays the intact ACL fibers (6a). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5). New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Furthermore, the ancillary MR findings of an ACL tear, such as bone bruises and the MR anterior drawer sign, are absent. Sixty-one patients underwent T2*WI and PDWI at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Patient having mucoid degeneration of ACL seeks multiple orthopedic consultation and most of the time treating orthopedican miss its diagnosis either because of lack of experience or rare cause of pain unless doctor sought magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of knee. The end point was ascertained to be when the surgeon could pass a hook between the medial cortex of the lateral femoral condyle and the lateral border of the remaining ACL. ), or their login data. The pain and disability associated with an ACL injury prompt many people to seek immediate medical attention. A total of 488 patients diagnosed with MD-ACL (clinically and radiologically) underwent surgery during this period, of which 46 patients (9.43%) were lost to the minimum 2-year follow-up criteria or to matching of groups. They were segregated into two groups matched for all demographic and pre-operative values: group A did not undergo debulking; group B underwent open debulking by a 15-number blade prior to UKA. Besides, the patient may also have trouble in moving. Rajani, A.M., Shah, U.A., Mittal, A.R.S. The patients clinical history and symptoms do not support an ACL injury. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament, International Knee Documentation Committee, Kumar A, Bickerstaff DR, Grimwood JS, Suvarna SK (1999) Mucoid cystic degeneration of the cruciate ligament. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) Discipline Radiotherapy. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured of the major knee ligaments. Mucoid degeneration of ACl is a rare pathological process involving knee joint. On physical exam, the Lachman test for ACL instability is negative with an ACL ganglion. 3). After surgery patient is allowed to walk from the next day. An anteriorly protruding ganglion (arrow) arising from an ACL ganglion cyst (arrowheads) is well seen on a proton density-weighted sagittal image. But full ACL tears cannot be healed without surgery. The time it takes to recover is approximately 3 months. They cross each other to form an X with the anterior cruciate ligament in front and the posterior cruciate ligament in back. What is your diagnosis? During the physical exam, your doctor will check your knee for swelling and tenderness comparing your injured knee to your uninjured knee. It also prevents excessive tibial medial and lateral rotation, as well as varus and valgus stresses [1]. They offer less hospital stay and speedy recovery. Skeletal Radiol 2001 Jun; 30(6): 312-5. Answered . At arthroscopy, the ACL appeared homogenous, bulbous, and hypertrophied in all patients. Go to the Bones, Joints & Muscles Support Group. Treatment is only required if there are otherwise unexplained symptoms. Your knee may become more and more unstable and may give out more often. (6a) "Celery stalk" form of ACL ganglion cyst. These patients may complain of pain and stiffness, and large ganglia may cause limitation of extension. Such meniscal tears are not appropriate for repair most of the time (Fig. They were however, supplemented by other objective methods such as comparison of pre-operative, post-operative and follow-up status of lateral view of plain radiograph in standing position, to look for any posterior translation of the femur which would suggest instability. Follow the R.I.C.E. We believe that meniscal mucoid degeneration with tear is not uncommon. Only mobile-bearing UKA design was used in all the patients; hence the findings may differ in patients undergoing UKA with different implant designs such as fixed-bearing UKAs. Make a donation. Paterno MV, et al. Mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The samples collected from the five hospitals were 122 (group A: 58; group B: 64), 68 (group A: 35; group B: 33), 94 (group A: 46; group B: 48), 83 (group A: 41; group B: 42) and 75 (group A: 36; group B: 39), respectively. was the primary surgeon and was responsible for the conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing review and editing. Intraosseous increased signal is present within the tibial spine deep to the posterior extent of the ACL insertion (arrowhead). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important ligament in the knee. In most cases, consideration of the clinical history, careful evaluation of the MR appearance, including the lack of ancillary findings of an ACL tear, and physical examination allow confident differentiation of a ganglion cyst from a cruciate ligament tear. After a database search of 4,221 knee MRI examinations, Bergin et al. Without a properly functioning ACL, the other structures of the knee experience greater strain, which causes further injuries to tissues in the knee. 21 yrs old Male asked about Mucoid degeneration of ACL, 2 doctors answered this and 92 people found it useful. This study used PRP to augment the weakened ACL and followed patients for 1 year to assess outcomes. There is little evidence investigating the effect of MD-ACL in patients undergoing a UKA in the orthopaedic literature. Int J Sports Phys Ther 10(1):5261, PubMed Common wrist ganglions include: dorsal wrist ganglion volar wrist ganglion volar retinaculum ganglion extensor retinaculum ganglion occult ganglion intraosseous ganglion mucous cyst In a 2007 study of patients in Glasgow whose foot lumps were removed surgically, 39 of 101 cases were ganglion cysts. Its function is to stabilize the knee while bending and rotating; the ACL also keeps the knee from shifting out of place or moving anteriorly (toward the front) with pivoting activities. An interesting feature of cruciate ganglia, which has not been widely reported, is their tendency to extend into adjacent intra-articular spaces and osseous structures. It is characterised by infiltration of mucoid-like substance (glycosaminoglycans) interspersed within the substance of ACL leading to thickening of the native ACL and its impingement on the lateral femoral condyle, femoral notch and PCL, consequently causing knee pain and limited motion. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for longitudinal intra-group comparison of ROM and PROMs between pre-operative and follow-up scores, whereas Mann Whitney U test was used to compare ROM and PROMs between the two groups at 2years follow-up. Introduction: Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly treated with arthroscopic debridement of the ACL. Flowchart representation of selection process of sample size, intervention process and outcome assessment. A common sports injury whichusually happens over time from normal wear and tear ofmuscles and tendons. J Orthop Traumatol. Correlation with operation methods in 200 knees. Close. -Delivered Pre-rehab care for breast cancer and thoracic cancer cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MDACL) by performing a systematic review of methods of treatment that have been reported. How do you treat degenerative meniscus tear? Google Scholar, Irrgang JJ, Anderson AF, Boland AL (2001) Development and validation of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee form. PubMedGoogle Scholar. . Get your query answered 24*7 only on | Practo Consult . Cite this article. These cysts have a variable MR appearance and are not always confined to the substance of the ligament. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Reeducation. When considering a UKA in such a patient, a plethora of dilemmas may arise in the mind of an orthopaedic surgeon vis a vis preserving the MD-ACL at the cost of functional limitation, or debulking it and predisposing the UKA to failure owing to instability. Evaluate the TCO of your PACS download >, 750 Old Hickory Blvd, Suite 1-260Brentwood, TN 37027, Focus on Musculoskeletal and Neurological MRI, The Anterior Meniscofemoral Ligament of the Medial Meniscus. [22], Pandey etal. Modalities such as icing, joint mobilization, and massage can provide short-term pain relief and reduce swelling. Others may make an appointment with their family doctors. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21(3):658663. Notchplasty is an ancillary surgical procedure that consists of reshaping and widening of the intercondylar femoral notch, historically developed and performed with the aim to avoid ACL graft impingement and improve visualization of the lateral wall of the femoral notch during ACLR surgery. The cause is not really known, but patients usually do not complain of instability. [21] and Ventura etal. It can be misdiagnosed a partial ACL tear. INTRODUCTION Mucoid degeneration (MD) of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a well-recognized pathology characterized by the degradation of collagen fibers and infiltration of a . DOI: 10.1016/J.JAJS.2015.12.001 Corpus ID: 74774556; Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: Partial arthroscopic debridement and outcomes @article{Khanna2016MucoidDO, title={Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: Partial arthroscopic debridement and outcomes}, author={Gagan Khanna and Rajan Sharma and Aditya Bhardwaj and Harjot S. Gurdutta and Deepak Agrawal and . Part of Connect with thousands of patients and caregivers for support and answers. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Without adequate and timely treatment, . 18 Apr 2021. Here are the search results of the thread mucoid degeneration of acl treatment from Bing. Ellman MB, et al. The MR-findings of mucoid degeneration of the ACL include: an ill-defined ACL; an increased ligamentous girth [5]. Complete your request online or contact us by phone. A case of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is reported based on specific imaging features on MRI. The appearance can mimic acute or chronic interstitial partial tears of the ACL. 2nd ed. Both groups showed overall improvement after surgery, however, patients who underwent debulking performed better at 2years follow-up in terms of Knee Society functional score, International Knee Documentation Committee scores, range of motion, rest pain and overall patient satisfaction (p<0.05) as compared with their counterparts. As previously reported, typical symptoms of mucoid degeneration of the ACL include knee pain during deep flexion and painful limitation of motion. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. This content does not have an Arabic version. Details on the top journals, universities, and authors on t. Plain radiographs were taken in anteroposterior and lateral views at 2years follow-up for radiological analysis in the form of implant failure in all patients or anterior tibial translation in group B by a blinded radiologist. An ACL sprain is when the ACL is overstretched (but not torn). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mucoid degeneration, along with tears and anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts, is a relatively common cause of increased signal within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL ). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2010.05.003, Keyes GW, Carr AJ, Miller RK, Goodfellow JW (1992) The radiographic classification of medial gonarthrosis. One MRI was reported as a possible ganglion cyst or mucoid degeneration of the ACL, whereas all others were reported as either partial or complete tears of the ACL. Although arthroscopic resection of the degenerated ACL is the treatment of choice following the failure of conservative management, the extent of the excision and subsequent ACL reconstruction for . They are relatively uncommon, and their exact aetiopathogenesis is still not clear. Ever since mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MD-ACL) was named by Kumar etal. Role of debulking mucoid ACL in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a prospective multicentric study, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-022-00169-9, https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.81B2.0810304, https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.182.5.18212835, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1433-0, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-1991-9, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00110-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2020.06.004, https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.73B4.2071640, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2010.05.003, https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679209154722, https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.93B4.25562, https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-020-00551-x, https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290051301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2017.11.006, https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2016.411.003, https://doi.org/10.4055/cios.2018.10.3.307, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. ACL Injury Grades. Terms and Conditions, A physical therapist will teach you exercises that you will perform either with continued supervision or at home. Accessed Nov. 13, 2018. Accessed Nov. 13, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.128765, Article Breach Candy Hospital, 60 A Bhulabhai Desai Marg, Breach Candy, Cumballa Hill, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400026, India, Surgikids Hospital, 507-509, Aarohi Verve, Nr Vakil Saheb Bridge, Ambli-Bopal Cross Roads, Ambli, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380058, India, OAKS Clinic, 707 Panchshil Plaza, N S Patkar Marg, opp. In this study, the authors hypothesised that debulking the MD-ACL with a predetermined, objective endpoint relieves the patient of the rest pain caused by the impingement and improves terminal flexion and functional outcome, without compromising the integrity and stability of the UKA. . While both the groups showed improvements in the functional scores post-surgery, which could be attributed to the UKA primarily, the finding that patients in whom debulking was done had better mean IKDC and mean KSS at 2years follow-up confirmed the study hypothesis that debulking improves the long-term outcome in patients with MD-ACL undergoing UKA. An ACL injury is a tear or sprain of the anterior cruciate (KROO-she-ate) ligament (ACL) one of the strong bands of tissue that help connect your thigh bone (femur) to your shinbone (tibia).ACL injuries most commonly occur during sports that involve sudden stops or changes in direction, jumping and landing such as soccer, basketball, football and downhill skiing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 248:1314, Hotchen AJ, Melton JTK (2018) Radiofrequency ablation for mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Dr. Anil K. Sharma. However, upon following-up with these patients, and gauging their clinical and functional parameters, complaints of rest pain and restriction of terminal flexion seemed to persist. customer@scirp.org +86 18163351462(WhatsApp) Our study provides further evidence that arthroscopic total or partial excision of anterior cruciate ligament is a safe and effective treatment for mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament, improving patient satisfaction and function without causing clinical instability in daily activities. If left untreated, a small ACL tear will increase in size, causing more pain and increasing the laxity in the knee. These tests may include: Prompt first-aid care can reduce pain and swelling immediately after an injury to your knee. Hence, study objectives included determining the role and effects of debulking MD-ACL in a patient undergoing UKA as compared with those who do not undergo debulking, by clinical and functional analysis at 2years post-operatively. Despite recent developments suggesting that debulking of MD-ACL does not cause instability [8], the involvement of another surgery that can directly be impacted by it complicates the decision making. . Follow us on social media for the latest updates, Future Medicine Ltd, Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, London, N3 1QB, UK, We use cookies to improve your experience. Do you ever feel that your knee is unstable or unable to support your weight? Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament is a rare pathological entity with disputed theories of origin [1,2,3,4]. 2015;23:283. . Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to influence musculoskeletal healing through multiple growth factors. . Accessed Nov. 13, 2018. [7] have documented the presence of flexion contracture, we did not notice the same in any patient from the recruited sample size. 2 Kaplan PA, Helms CA, Dussault R, Anderson MW, Major NM: Musculoskeletal MRI. Friends. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-022-00169-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-022-00169-9. K Kunal: Substantial contributions to the conception, drafting the work, interpretation of data for the work, agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Setback to comeback: Twin sisters return to the basketball court after ACL tears, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition, NSF Certified for Sport Nutritional Supplements. These patients who underwent UKA with debulking of MD-ACL were included in group B (nb=226). To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Arthrosc Tech 7(5):e459e463. Flag this answer. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, with more than 2 million new diagnoses last year alone. The ligament can also tear due to work injuries or automobile accidents. Hence, we targeted a minimum sample size of 400 patients. mucoid degeneration acl symptoms. volume34, Articlenumber:40 (2022) Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2016.411.003, Chudasama CH, Chudasama VC, Prabhakar MM (2021) Arthroscopic management of mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament. This was confirmed at 2years follow-up, when the patients who underwent debulking showed a statistically significant improvement in in mean terminal flexion by 21.51 in group B (mean pre-operative: 96.3855.78; mean post-operative: 117.892.64) as compared with 5.02 in group A (mean pre-operative: 98.0934.79; mean post-operative: 103.114.1). Role of debulking mucoid ACL in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a prospective multicentric study. PubMed Among other conditions - osteoarthritis, osteopenia, spondylolisthesis- an MRI report showed "severe mucoid degeneration of the ACL" in my left knee. With cruciate ligament ganglia, intact ACL fibers can often be visualized coursing through or around the cyst. What are the findings? 4 McIntyre J, Moelleken S, Tirman P: Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament mistaken for ligamentous tears . et al. Ventura etal. In general, it takes as long as a year or more before athletes can safely return to play. For such patients, decompression of the ganglion at arthroscopy or via CT guidance is indicated and provides prompt relief.3,5,6. Non-traumatic thickening of the ACL was associated with osteoarthritis and meniscal tears in almost all cases and showed increased signal intensity and ill-defined borders simulating acute ligamentous tears. Lachmans test was performed intra-operatively in the immediate aftermath of the debulking, and only 27 (11.95%) knees were found to have grade one laxity with a firm end point, while no laxity was noted in the other knees. The ACL graft (arrow) is abnormally lax and demonstrates abnormally increased signal intensity, likely secondary to degeneration from chronic mechanical stress. [2]. 10, No. M.P. It is postulated that intraosseous extension may be a finding more often associated with pain (8a). I have multiple issues - spondylolisthesis in L4/L5 and L5/S1, osteopenia and osteoarthritis. . Pristine condition of the lateral compartment and not more than grade II in the patellofemoral compartment (Ahlbck classification) was confirmed in all cases. There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean IKDC and mean KSS of both the groups at 2years of follow-up as compared with their pre-operative scores (p<0.05). If your activities do not involve making pivoting movements on the knee, physical therapy rehabilitation may be all you need. J Bone Jt Surg Br 93(4):4768. I get PT and acupuncture, have had several epidural injections, and am trying hard to avoid osteoporosis meds (was on bisphosphonates for many years many years ago) as well as spinal fusion. Justamom21. Knee Surg Relat Res 33(1):26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00110-6, Kennedy JA, Mohammad HR, Mellon SJ, Dodd CAF, Murray DW (2020) Age stratified, matched comparison of unicompartmental and total knee replacement. Treatment options include non-operative management, arthroscopic debridement with a biceps tenotomy or tenodesis, complete or partial repair, patch augmentation, superior capsular reconstruction, muscle/tendon transfer and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The cruciate ligaments control the back and forth motion of your knee. The authors state that they have obtained verbal and written informed consent from the patient/patients for the inclusion of their medical and treatment history within this case series. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PubMed The results found improved functional scores and pain scores compared with preoperative levels. Physiotherapy. A: ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) mucoid degeneration means the lesion of the ACL. With the advent of the mobile-bearing UKA system, the predilection towards this surgery is on an upward trend. A longer recovery period may reduce the risk of re-injury. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been shown to cause restricted terminal range of motion and rest pain. By continuing to browse this site, you accept our, International Journal of Endocrine Oncology, International Journal of Hematologic Oncology, Reduction plasty for hypertrophic anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: clinical and knee laxity outcomes in 23 cases, Salvati F, Rossi F, Limbucci N, Pistoia ML, Barile A, Masciocchi C, Mucoid metaplastic-degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament, Bergin D, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, Nallamshetty SN, Bartolozzi AR, Anterior cruciate ligament ganglia and mucoid degeneration: coexistence and clinical correlation, Makino A, Pascual-Garrido C, Roln A, Isola M, Muscolo DL, Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: MRI, clinical, intraoperative, and histological findings, Kumar A, Bickerstaff DR, Grimwood JS, Suvarna SK, Mucoid cystic degeneration of the cruciate ligament, Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament, Arthroscopic management of mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament, Pandey V, Suman C, Sharma S, Rao S, Kiran Acharya K, Sambaji C, Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: management and outcome, Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: a case report and review of literature, Lintz F, Pujol N, Boisrenoult P, Bargoin K, Beaufils P, Dejour D, Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: a review of the literature and management guidelines, Ventura D, Nuez JH, Joshi-Jubert N, Castellet E, Minguell J, Outcome of arthroscopic treatment of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament, Kim T-H, Lee D-H, Lee S-H, Kim J-M, Kim C-W, Bin S-I, Arthroscopic treatment of mucoid hypertrophy of the anterior cruciate ligament, Foster TE, Puskas BL, Mandelbaum BR, Gerhardt MB, Rodeo SA, Platelet-rich plasma: from basic science to clinical applications, Southworth T, Naveen N, Tauro T, Leong N, Cole B, The use of platelet-rich plasma in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, Vogrin M, Rupreht M, Crnjac A, Dinevski D, Krajnc Z, Renik G, The effect of platelet-derived growth factors on knee stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective randomized clinical study, Partial anterior cruciate ligament ruptures: advantages by intraligament autologous conditioned plasma injection and healing response technique midterm outcome evaluation, Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament mistaken for ligamentous tears, Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries, Hensen JJ, Coerkamp EG, Bloem JL, Schepper AMD, Association of mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament with knee meniscal and cartilage damage, Lintz F, Pujol N, Dejour D, Boisrenoult P, Beaufils P, Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: selecting the best treatment option, Zicaro JP, Yacuzzi C, Garcia-Mansilla I, Costa-Paz M, Nonsurgical treatment of partial ACL tears: intraarticular injection of platelet-rich plasma did not change the progression rate to knee instability, Seijas R, Ares O, Cusc X, lvarez P, Steinbacher G, Cugat R, Partial anterior cruciate ligament tears treated with intraligamentary plasma rich in growth factors, Long-term outcomes of primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament combined with biologic healing augmentation to treat incomplete tears, McRobb J, Kamil KH, Ahmed I, Dhaif F, Metcalfe A, Influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) analogues on healing and clinical outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery: a systematic review.

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